Digging Essay -- Literary Analysis, Seamus Heaney

"Digging" â€Å"Digging† by Seamus Heaney is the first poem in the first full volume of Heaney’s poems, â€Å"Death of a Naturalist†. â€Å"Death of a Naturalist† is about the transition into adulthood and the loss of innocence. The poem shows how Heaney looked up to his father and grandfather, especially their hard work. Even though Heaney did not follow in their footsteps and become a farm laborer, he respects the work they do, especially their skill at digging. The poem is a free verse poem. It has eight stanzas with two couplets. It rhymes occasionally, but it does not have a patterned rhyme. The first two lines rhyme with â€Å"thumb† and â€Å"gun†, the second stanza also has some rhyming words. The poem is a first person narrative; this is evident from the first line that uses the word â€Å"my† and other lines throughout that use words such as â€Å"I† and â€Å"we†. The title relates to the poem because all three generations mentioned are digging. His father dug potato drills and flowerbeds, his grandpa used to dig peat, and he is digging up the past. Because of this, the title is very fitting. Throughout the poem Seamus Heaney uses shifts in the tense to convey his memories as well as his determination for the future. It starts off in present tense as he sees his father struggling with the flowerbed. The poem then shifts to past in order to recall his grandfather’s work digging peat and his father’s stronger days digging potato drills. The poem returns to present tense during the last two stanzas. The final line is future tense in order to show that Seamus understands that his work is writing. The first stanza of the poem says the pen in his hand fits â€Å"snug as a gun† (line 2. The second stanza is Heaney looking down from is window to s... ...† as they fill the bucket. Another shift occurs in the second stanza when the speaker says they â€Å"hoarded the fresh berries in the byre† (line 17). â€Å"Byre† means a shed, but it can also be a support for a casket or corpse. This foreshadows what is to come. The berries begin to spoil because more were picked than could be eaten in time. The â€Å"rat-grey fungus, glutting on our cache† (line 19) got to them. The berries would have lasted longer if they had been left on the bush, but desire and greed overwhelmed the speaker when picking the luscious berries. Because he lost the berries due to rotting, the speaker says, â€Å"I always felt like crying. It wasn’t fair / That all the lovely canfuls smelt of rot. / Each year I hoped they’d keep, knew they would not† (lines 22-24). The speaker collects berries every year, more berries than needed, and he always sees them go bad.

Marketing assignment Essay

1.1 Ryanair are pioneers of low cost airlines in Europe operating more than 1600 daily flights from 57 bases across 1600 low far routes connecting 180 destinations in 29 countries. They recently announced that they have ordered 175 new Boeing craft. 1.2 In order for Ryanair to keep the costs to a minimum, their airline uses small, regional airports only to reduce operational costs and operates as a point-t-point airline carrier, thus when other airlines avoiding the cost associated with a hub-and-spoke service. 1.3 Ryanair advertises it’s self as a â€Å"The low fare airline† and has a price promise under which it will pay double the difference if a customer finds the same flight cheaper elsewhere. 1.4 They pay as little as possible for their aircraft. They get big discounts on aircraft because they buy them when other airlines want them. 1.5 They spend as little as possible on advertising. They do not employ advertising agencies; instead all of their advertising is done in-house. 1.6 They don’t use travel agencies, so they don’t pay commissions. Ryanair uses direct marketing to recruit and retain customers and to extend products and services to them and this reduce cost. You book online or on the internet. This saves 15% on agency fees. Question 2 Kulula and Mango are South Africa’s low cost airlines. These airlines have in some areas imitated the Ryanair business model. 2.1 Kulula uses Lanseria Airport as an alternative to OR Tambo airport which can be attributed to reduction operational costs. Ryanair makes use of smaller airports instead of the large busy airports to reduce costs and reduce the time between flights. 2.2 The low cost airlines in South Africa, such as Kulula and Mango also upsell products such as car hires, travel packs and hotel accommodation. This is similar to the business model of Ryanair. 2.3 The low cost airlines in South Africa also reduce their costs by not including food on the fare; you can buy your food if you want. 2.4 To make bookings simpler the customers of Kulula and Mango can also book and buy flight tickets at Shoprite/Checkers for there’s is no commission paid to travel agencies. The internet online process also exists for self-service of making bookings. Question 3 The marketing environment consists of Micro and Macro environment. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2012;90) Micro environment consists of the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers such as the company its self, its suppliers, its marketing partners, customers and the general public. The macro environment is said to consist of the larger societal forces that affect the macro environment such as political, economic, social, technological, natural environment, and legal framework (Kotler & Armstrong, 2012) 3.1 The Micro environment 3.1.1 Company Ryanair’s mission is to keep their customers happy by offering a simple service and that involves maintaining low-cost fares, such as offering no meal options or extended service elements such as beverage consumption, thus keeping labour-related costs low and inviting the more humble or thrifty consumer to enjoy travel to regional destinations without the worry of excessive airline expense. 3.1.2 Suppliers Suppliers are very important to the company and they are the determining factor for Ryanair to keep customer value. In a running an airline Ryanair require a lot of fuel but they are unable to influence their suppliers since the price of fuel is controlled by external bodies such as OPEC(Ryanair Annual Report, 2004). 3.1.3 Competitors The increasing number of competition with carriers offering lower-cost fares is impacting the consumer mentality regarding which carrier to choose when travelling within European destinations. 3.1.4 Marketing Partners Ryanair does not use advertising agencies instead all their advertising is done in-house by doing so they are cutting cost and making sure that they maintain low cost strategy. They simple use adverts that tell passengers that Ryanair has low fares. 3.2 Macro environment 3.2.1 Political The external political environment is one of significant advantage to Ryanair, as the majority of its operations are contained within Europe. It is relatively common knowledge that this region maintains political stability, thus Ryanair does not experience issues with governmental instability in Europe as a concern regarding passenger volumes or flight destinations. 3.2.2 Technological The technological environment does not appear to significantly impact the firm in a negative capacity as the firm. Additionally, supply chain software programs and other integrated software applications are available to assist Ryanair in streamlining labour functions and improve internal organisational efficiency. 3.2.3 Economical Economical factors in the Euro region such as the Greece debt issues, increased unemployment in Spain and other countries have a negative impact in the number of customers for air travel like Ryanair. Question 4 Low cost airline offer a no-frill service, they sell the cheapest tickets you can buy. Unlike branded airlines that argue that passengers are willing to more for a better level of service. These are the reason I would not use low cost airlines such as Ryanair. 4.1 Customer Service Ryanair offers poor customer service such as when your bag is broken into no compensation is provided. It is also reported that their staff is unfriendly and rude. Ryanair also do not make provisions for fragile items that you wish to carry on the aircraft with you. Musical instruments and sporting equipment can be taken but at a fee. 4.2 Value added services There is no complementary food and what is offered is expensive and unhealthy. 4.3 Misleading pricing The policy of 70% sets sold at lowest fares and 30% at higher fares can be misleading. This means that you may not always be paying the lowest price for the fares. 4.4 Convenience Ryanair does not offer convenience as you cannot chose seat. You also cannot change flights. Their plains are old and offer low comfort. They use secondary airports which tend to be smaller regional airports. Question 5 Ryanair’s objective is to firmly establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies 5.2 Understanding customer needs and wants 5.2 Design a customer driven marketing strategy 5.3 Construct an integrated marketing program that delivers superior value 5.4 Build profitable relationships and create customer delight Question 6 6.1 Product or Service Low cost, no frills air travel to Europian destinations. There is no free food or drink on-board. Food and drink are income streams. You buy on-board, or you do take your own food and drink if you like. 6.2 Price Ryanair has low fares. 70% of seats are sold at the lowest two fares. 24% of seats are charged at higher fares. The last 6% are sold at the highest fare. 6.3 Place Ryanair does not use travel agents so it does not pay agency commissions. It uses direct marketing techniques to recruit and retain customers, and to extend products and services to them (i.e. Customer Relationship Management). This reduces costs. You book online over the Internet. This saves them 15% on agency fees. They are based in Stansted in Essex – which is known as a secondary airport. It is new and accessible. It is cheaper to fly from Stansted than either Heathrow or Gatwick, and since it is less busy Ryanair can turn aircraft around more quickly. 6.4 Promotion They spend as little as possible on advertising They do not employ an advertising agency. Instead all of the advertising is done in-house. In fact O’Leary himself oversees much of the promotion of Ryanair. They use simple adverts that tell passengers that Ryanair has low fares. Ryanair employs controversy to promote its business. For example in 2009, the company reasoned that passengers would be charged  £1 to use the toilets on board. O’Leary reasoned that passengers could use the terminals at either the destination or arrival airport. This would speed things up. It was reasoned that this is what passengers wanted – since they did not want other passengers leaving their seats and walking the aisles to go to the toilet. O’Leary also argued that larger passengers should be charged more since they took up more room – again it was reasoned that this is what the majority of passengers wanted. 6.5 People Pilots are recruited when they are young as pilot cadets. They work hard and take early promotions and then move on after 10-years or so to further their careers. Cabin crew pay for their uniforms to be cleaned. They invest in their own training. They are mainly responsible for passenger safety as well as ancillary revenues onboard 6.6 Physical Evidence They pay as little as possible for their aircraft. Planes are the most expensive asset that an airline can make. They get big discounts on aircraft because they buy them when other airlines don’t want them, for example after September 11th, or on the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. Aircraft manufacturers cannot simply stop a supply chain in minutes. If orders are being cancelled or delayed, this is when to buy. It was rumored within the industry that Ryanair was buying Boeing 737s – list price around  £40,000,000 (forty million pounds) – with up to a 50% discount. 6.7 Process There is no check in. You simply show your passport and supply your reference number. You cannot select a preferred seat. It is first come, first served. This aids speed. There are no air bridges (the tunnel that connects to the side of the aircraft when to board it). You walk or are bused to the aircraft. Baggage is deposited directly onto the terminal – it’s quick. However if your bag is broken don’t expect high levels of customer service. Question 7 7.1 Cultural factors Ryanair has addressed a global cultural need for leisure travel by making their prices extremely low and the easy availability of tickets operating between two points. One of the factors that influence consumer behavior is social class such as people’s income. Ryanair get most of their business from lower income group. 7.2. Social factors One the factors that influence consumer factors is the social factors such as consumers small groups family and social roles. According to the case study Ryanair make use of buzz marketing by their controversial promotions. This influences people opinions about their services as it gets people to discuss the controversial promotions. 7.3 Personal factors Personal factors are influenced by personal characteristics such as customer’s age and life cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, life style and personality and self-concept. The people that would be influenced into buying Ryanair’s would need to have an easy going personality and not be concerned much about the service of the airline since many of the luxuries are removed from the service. 7.4 Psychological factors A person’s buying choices are further influence by four psychological factors motivation, perception, learning and beliefs and attitudes. Customers that would be influences to use Ryanair are customers that believe that are getting value for money through the low cost pricing. Question 8 Consumer market consists of individuals and households that buy goods and services for their personal consumption. These would normally be consumer goods such as soft drinks, cosmetics, travel and household goods. Ryanair’s consumer market is the individuals in the European region that use air travel as a form of transportation. Question 9 Below is an example of Ansoff’s Matrix which shows growth strategies that organisations can use to expand their operation followed by the explanations for each growth strategy (Riley, 2012). Figure 1 Ansoff’s matrix. Sourced from Riley (2012) 9.1 Market penetration Market penetration is when the company expands in the same market using the same products. For Ryanair, market penetration would involve increasing the number of flights in the same routes. This way they are in the same markets and using the same service. 9.2 Market Development Market development requires the companies to enter new markets while using the same products. For Ryanair, this would require the company to go to new markets such as Africa, Asia or America using the same low cost air travel service. 9.3. Product Development Product development means that in order to expand the company must introduce new products or services in the existing market. For company like Ryanair, product development would mean that they introduce new service such as business class or first class into the existing market. 9.4 Diversification Diversification is when the company seeks to enter into new markets with new products. For Ryanair diversification could mean that the company introduces new services such as leisure sea cruising. This would also mean that the company moves into a new market since leisure sea cruising would require different destinations and customer base. References Riley, J. 2012. Ansoff Matrix. [online]. Available at: http://www.tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm [Accessed on 02 September 2013]. Kotler, P. and Armstong, G. 2012. Principles of marketing. 14th edition. Essex: Pearson.

Ideal Healt and Insurence System essays

Ideal Healt and Insurence System essays The development of liberal thought began in the seventeen-century England. Often, constitutional monarchy is perceived as a beginning of liberalism. Growth of commercial middle classes and wealth accumulation and consumption, leaded to a new, individualistic morality. The individual is a basic unit of the liberalism ideology. Supreme goals of a liberal political system are preservation of the individual and attainment of individual happiness. That includes the preservation of the individual properties, that is individual life, liberty and estate, and the task of the government was to help the individual in doing so. Individual is to be regarded as inviolable and human life as a sacrosanct, so the violence is prohibited except in preservation of liberal society. This ideology respects all persons as moral beings with equal sensitivity (but at the same time it doesnt take women in account.). Individual is assumed to be essentially rational, so it could be considered the prime source of value, which determines justification of participatory rather than authoritarian government. Liberalism diminishes importance of social whole, which is considered not to have any rights against individuals. This outlook can be called atomistic. Liberal theorists are unwilling to invoke concepts such as the common good and public interests. The only common good they want recognize is the maximization of the aggregate of individual benefits. On the economic side 18th- and 19th-century liberalism based itself on the sovereignty of the market and the "natural harmony of interests." On this view, if individuals are left free to pursue their self-interest in an exchange economy based upon a division of labour, the welfare of the group as a whole will necessarily be enhanced. Classical liberal economists describe a self-adjusting market mechanism free from all teleological influences. While moral goals are invoked and ethical criteria presu...

Every IB History Past Paper Available Free and Official

Every IB History Past Paper Available Free and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Taking a practice IB History exam before the actual exam will help you familiarize yourself with the length, style and format of the test. In this guide, we explain the IB History test format and link to the best past papers available. At the end, I’ll explain how best to use these IB History past papers for your studying. Disclaimer: these free exams should be used at your own risk. The exams are not authorized by the IBO and were most likely put up online without the IBO’s consent. IB History Exam Format The IB History course was completely revamped in 2017. Now, there are five prescribed subjects: Military leaders Conquest and its impact The move to global war Rights and protest Conflict and intervention Your teacher will choose one that you'll cover, and you'll be tested on this for paper 1 (one hour in length). There is also a list of twelve world history topics. For paper 2 (1.5 hours), you'll cover two of these: Society and economy (750-1400) Causes and effects of medieval wars (750-1500) Dynasties and rulers (750-1500) Societies in transition (1400-1700) Early Modern states (1450-1789) Causes and effects of Early Modern wars (1500-1750) Origins, development and impact of industrialization (1750-2005) Independence movements (1800-2000) Evolution and development of democratic states (1848-2000) Authoritarian states (20th century) Causes and effects of 20th-century wars The Cold War: superpower tensions and rivalries (20th century) For students taking IB History HL, they'll have a final paper (paper 3) that is 2.5 hours and will cover one of the four Depth Studies: History of Africa and the Middle East History of the Americas History of Asia and Oceania History of Europe Current IB History Papers The best source for up-to-date IB History past papers is the IBO store. Each paper and each markscheme is $3, so a full test's worth will cost you $12 for SL or $18 for HL. (While the IBO site has a sample SL/HL paper 2 available for free, it's from November 2005, predating the most recent syllabus updates.) Currently, the IB store has papers from 20 through 2018, but we recommend only purchasing papers from May 2017 tests or later, as those are the exams that match the new syllabus. Be sure to check not just the test date but also the depth-study area for each exam paper and markscheme you purchase to make sure they match up- you wouldn't want to purchase a History of Asia and Oceania exam paper but a History of Europe markscheme! Additionally, we've found these IB History past papers available for you to study from. They are from 2017 and follow the same format as current IB History exams, so you can be sure they'll be close to what you actually see for your own paper. Because they're not on the official IB site, however, we urge you to use these with caution. Paper 1 prompts and grading Paper 2 prompts Alan O'Rourke / Flickr Old IB History Papers These papers are before the IB History course was revamped in 2017, so the topics the papers cover won't be exactly what you see for your course. However, these can still be a useful way to get a better sense of the kinds of papers you'll see for IB History and the types of information you'll be expected to know. 2003 Paper 1Paper 1 Source BookletPaper 2Paper 3 2004 Paper 1Paper 1 Source BookletPaper 2Paper 3 2005 Paper 1Paper 1 Source BookletPaper 2Paper 3 2006 Paper 1Paper 1 Source BookletPaper 2Paper 3 Paper 3 Topics Chart of paper 3 topics from 2000 through 2012 How to Use IB History Past Papers Each full IB History practice exam will take you 2.5 hours for SL or 5 hours for HL, so you need to get the most out of each test. Below are some pointers for your practice. Tip 1: Take Papers 1 and 2 Consecutively (If Possible) For both IB History SL and HL, papers 1 and 2 are administered one after the other, requiring you to maintain your concentration and testing stamina for 2.5 hours. Part of practicing for the test means building up your testing endurance so that you're not making careless errors or losing focus towards the end of the tests. IB History HL includes a third, 2.5-hour paper administered on a second day of testing, which you should also try to match in your practice schedule. Having a test spread out over multiple days means that you can't just cram and then immediately forget everything after you've finished papers 1 and 2; you'll need to practice retaining information even after the 2.5-hour slog of the first day's papers 1 and 2. If you don't have time in your schedule for a full 2.5-hour session (or for two 2.5-hour sessions two days in a row for HL), then splitting papers 1 and 2 up over multiple days is OK. Just make sure that in your studying you follow this next tip: Tip 2: Time Yourself on Each Paper You must get used to the timing pressures of this exam. The time allowed per paper is: IB History SL Paper 1- 1 hour Paper 2- 1 hour 30 minutes IB History HL Paper 1- 1 hour Paper 2- 1 hour 30 minutes Paper 3- 2 hour 30 minutes Don't give yourself extra time. If you do, you will not figure out your pacing for the real exam and will likely score higher than you actually will the day of the test. I want these practice exams to give you an accurate picture of your actual test score. Stephan Baum/Wikimedia Tip 3: Review Your Mistakes! When you complete your exam (end of Paper 2 for SL or end of Paper 3 for HL), check every mistake. If you skip this step, you will not learn from your errors, and you'll keep making them. You need to take at least an hour reviewing your exam. I know this may seem like a lot of time, but you want quality practice. If you only end up taking two practice tests with detailed review, you will be better prepared than if you took six tests with no review. What’s Next? Taking IB History right now? Round out your studying with our complete IB History notes and study guide. Ready to jump into some US History topics? Learn about the Platt Amendment and Ida Lewis. If you're more interested in political history, be sure to also check out our articles on checks and balances in the US government and how the executive branch can check the judicial branch. Or perhaps you're interested in learning something that might not come up in history class? Find out more about David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo heist, the complete history of hip hop, and the competing claims for invention of the 3-hole punch. Learn more about the IB course offerings: The Complete List of IB Courses and Classes Which IB Courses Can I Take Online? Can I Get an Online IB Diploma? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Advancements essays

Advancements essays Some of the advancements made in technology during the 1790s started off when the industry could not be stimulated overnight, because it required technology and the willingness of businessmen to invest time and capital for the long term. In 1788, the Pennsylvania Society for the encouragement of Manufactures and the useful arts introduced spinning jennies to their textile factory in Philadelphia. The jennies threatened to displace home spinners by producing cheaper yarn and thread. Another brand new technology that appeared was in 1790, Samuel Slater brought a new phase in American cloth production by building a textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, using water power to run the sinning machines. No satisfactory power loom existed, so Slaters mill performed only the first two steps of cloth production (preparing the cloth fibers for spinning, and spinning the thread.) He then used the putting-out system of distributing the thread to families, who produced the cloth at home. One more person who made an impact on the advancement of technology in the 1790s was Oliver Evans. He apprenticed as a wagon maker and became intrigued with machines. Evans heard that the Scottish inventor James Watt improved the steam engine a few years earlier. Evans began building his own model but for lack of money, thirty years passed before he actually installed a high pressure steam engine in his gypsum fertilizer factory in Philadelphia. This was the first such application of steam power to an industrial setting. Evans also developed the idea of automating mills. He devised water powered machinery for large grist mills that allowed one worker instead of three to supervise all the steps of producing flour. ...

The Effectiveness and Use of Sustainable Tourism in the World Dissertation

The Effectiveness and Use of Sustainable Tourism in the World - Dissertation Example Sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that has grown from concern for the damage that traditional methods are causing to the environment. The concept was originally developed from sustainable development (Hunter, 1997).  Sustainable development is a contested field which has a wide range of definitions depending on the people that are advancing it. For example, a multinational corporation has a significantly different view of sustainable development than a group of environmental activists. One classic definition is growth that meets the requirements of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future generations (Giddings et al., 2002 ). Sustainable tourism develops on this concept, with the aim of modifying current tourism and any new tourism so that it does not have a negative effect on the environment or any negative effect that it does have is significantly reduced (Bramwell and Lane, 1993).  Degrading the environment that plays host to the tourism event ually results in the decrease of the activity itself and as a consequence the associated profits. For tourism to continue in an area, it is important that the environment remains able to support the activities that are occurring (Butler, 2004). Sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that has grown from concern for the damage that traditional methods are causing to the environment. The concept was originally developed from sustainable development (Hunter, 1997). Sustainable development is a contested field which has a wide range of definitions depending on the people that are advancing it. For example, a multinational corporation has a significantly different view of sustainable development than a group of environmental activists. One classic definition is growth that meets the requirements of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future generations (Giddings et al., 2002). Sustainable tourism develops on this concept, with the aim of modifying current touris m and any new tourism so that it does not have a negative effect on the environment or any negative effect that it does have is significantly reduced (Bramwell and Lane, 1993). There is no unified definition of sustainable tourism, and some applications take into account purely ecological factors, will others also include economic, cultural or social factors. Sustainable tourism is important in both planning and management of areas where tourism is prevalent, especially where the environment plays a large role (Eagles et al., 2002). The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), a specialized agency that is part of the United Nations has undertaken significant

Write about 4 art works that you choose (4 of them should be about Essay

Write about 4 art works that you choose (4 of them should be about family) - Essay Example Each of their work explored the concept of family visually including the underlying themes that they are set against. In the legend on the catalogue where this painting, Oedipus and Antigone, was listed, Charles Thevenin wrote: â€Å"The fugitive proscribed by his son wanders during a violent storm in an arid and savage countryside†¦ His daughter makes a an effort to calm him.† This 18th century work in sepia was a study for a painting that was exhibited at the Salon in 1792. There are several variations to this Sophocles drama. In some paintings, Oedipus is depicted as one on the verge of madness, in some, he was so pathetic and miserable. But, always, there is the dutiful and protective figure, shielding the weakened form from the harshness of the elements. A look at the faces of the subjects and our knowledge of the history of the tableaux, enable us to see a dimension in family relationship that is characterized by gender conflict and the roles gender play in addressing the dilemma. Oedipus is being guided by her daughter after having been exiled by his son. Thevenin highlighted an important insight: as the father and son engaged in mortal conflict, the daughter remained loyal and duty-bound. The situation saw an undermined paternal authority, which rendered the family unit vulnerable. But most importantly, one sees that the intervention of the female figure to calm the dispute between the two males in the family represented the roles that women generally play in mitigating conflicts within the family. Art explored another treatment for the female form here. In other instance, women are the objects of the struggle between men. In this painting, the other pole is depicted. Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (Rauschenberg Family) is one of Andy Warhol’s collaboration with fellow Pop artist, Robert Rauschenberg. The art work is a combination of images of the Rauschenberg family and was